Grade 10 — Congruence & Transformations

What is Congruence?

**Congruent** figures are geometric shapes that have the exact same size and shape. If you can move one figure onto another using a series of rigid transformations, they are congruent.

A **transformation** is a function that changes the position, size, or shape of a figure.

**Rigid transformations** (also called **isometries**) are transformations that preserve the size and shape of the figure. The three main types are:

**Translations**: Sliding a figure without turning it.
**Rotations**: Turning a figure about a fixed point.
**Reflections**: Flipping a figure over a line of reflection.

Dilation is a transformation that changes size and is **not** a rigid transformation. Figures before and after a dilation are **similar**, but not congruent.

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Video: Rigid Transformations Explained!

Watch this video to visualize the different types of rigid transformations! 🎥

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Practice Problems

Identify the type of transformation in each problem!

1) A figure is moved down and to the left.

2) A figure is flipped over the y-axis.

3) A figure is turned 90° clockwise.

4) What transformation changes a figure's size?

⚡ Transformation Speed Quiz

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